"Nomenclature of parthenogenetic, gynogenetic and hybridogenetic vertebrate taxons: new proposals". ISSCA (International Society for the Study and Conservation of Amphibians). Jena Stuttgart New York.: Gustav Fischer Verlag. Abteilung für Systematik, Ökologie und Geographie der Tiere). "Klepton and synklepton: two new evolutionary systematics categories in zoology". New York, Oxford University Press: i-xi + 1-237. The genetics, ecology, and evolution of sexual abstinence in vertebrate animals. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society. "Phylogenetic relationships between parthenogens and their sexual relatives: the possible routes to parthenogenesis in animals" (PDF). "Gametogenesis of intergroup hybrids of hemiclonal frogs" (PDF). ^ a b c d e Ragghianti M, Bucci S, Marracci S, Casola C, Mancino G, Hotz H, Guex GD, Plötner J, Uzzell T (February 2007)."A genetic mechanism of species replacement in European waterfrogs?" (PDF). ^ a b c Vorburger, Christoph Reyer, Heinz-Ulrich (2003)."Gamete types, sex determination and stable equilibria of all-hybrid populations of diploid and triploid edible frogs ( Pelophylax esculentus) Rana esculenta as deduced from mtDNA analyses". "Potential impact of genome exclusion by alien species in the hybridogenetic water frogs ( Pelophylax esculentus complex)" (PDF). "Some characteristics of the crossess within Rana esculenta complex in postlarval development". ^ " Pelophylax esculentus, Edible Frog".Archived from the original on 9 September 2017. The Amphibian and Reptile Conservation Trust. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History. ^ Frost, Grant, Faivovich, Bain, Haas, Haddad, de Sá, Channing, Wilkinson, Donnellan, Raxworthy, Campbell, Blotto, Moler, Drewes, Nussbaum, Lynch, Green, and Wheeler 2006.American Museum of Natural History, New York, USA. One big Lily pad has 2 frogs on it, the Edible is one. There are numerous Lily pads with Frogs on them. "Amphibian Species of the World: an Online Reference. For the Edible Frog go to the Tropical Building and find the little pond in the middle of it. ridibundus (R) and mate with coexisting pool frogs Pelophylax lessonae (L gametes) – see below in the middle. esculentus (RE) produce gametes of the marsh frog P. įor example, in the most widespread so called L–E system, edible frogs Pelophylax kl. Hybridogenesis is thus a hemiclonal mode of reproduction half of the genome is transmitted to the next generation clonally, unrecombined (intact) the other half sexually, recombined. ridibundus (RR) – providing the second, discarded parental genome (L or R respectively). The hybrid populations are usually propagated by mating ( backcrosses) with a sympatric parental species – P. Hybridogenesis implies that during gametogenesis hybrids (of RL genotype) exclude one parental genome (L or R) and produce gametes with an unrecombined genome of the other parental species (R or L, respectively), instead of containing mixed recombined parental genomes. It reproduces by hybridogenesis (hemiclonally). esculentus is the fertile hybrid of the pool frog ( Pelophylax lessonae) and the marsh frog ( Pelophylax ridibundus). Main article: Hybridogenesis in water frogs
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